U.S. GDP growth hit 4.1 percent in the second quarter

The U.S. economy sped up in the second quarter, expanding 4.1 percent, the Commerce Department said Friday. It's the first time in four years economic growth broke the 4 percent mark. 

Strong consumer and government spending fueled the increase, as did a short-term jump in trade ahead of tariffs announced by the White House and U.S. trading partners. First-quarter growth was also revised to 2.2 percent, a slight increase from the previous estimate. 

Economists had expected the nation's gross domestic product -- the broadest measure of goods and services produced in the U.S. -- to reach 4.4 percent. 

President Donald Trump on Friday touted the economy's performance in a press conference in front of the White House.

"Once again, we are the economic envy of the entire world," he said, adding that "these numbers are very, very sustainable."

The tax cut the president pushed last year is a major reason behind the recent jump in growth, economists said. But most analysts think the economy is likely to modestly slow in the second half of the year and in 2019.

"Overall, helped by the massive fiscal stimulus, the economy enjoyed a strong first half of this year but, as the stimulus fades and monetary policy becomes progressively tighter, we expect GDP growth to slow markedly from mid-2019 onwards," said Paul Ashworth, chief U.S. economist with Capital Economics, in a note to clients.

Despite the strong second quarter, the forecast for 2018 remains at 2.8 percent, according to the Federal Reserve's rate-setting body. Private-sector economists expect growth around 3 percent. 

Brian Coulton, chief economist with credit ratings agency Fitch, attributed the strong quarter largely to a healthy job market, which he said is lifting consumer income and confidence. He also noted the boost to GDP from U.S. exports even amid America's ongoing trade disputes, which also fueled the pick-up in activity. 

Quarterly growth of 4 percent or more, while a sign of a healthy economy, is not uncommon. Economic activity reached that level in 2009, 2011 and twice in 2014.

The larger challenge will be sustaining that growth. Under the Obama administration, annual economic growth couldn't break out of the 1-to-2-percent range. In the first full year of the Trump administration, the economy grew at 2.3 percent. 

"If we look at where the economy is now, at full employment, the economy's growth is constrained by how fast the labor force is growing," said Robert Murphy, associate professor of economics at Boston College. "That depends on the birth rate and it also depends on immigration, and it's not going to change in the short term unless you radicalize immigration policy."

"You can pump up demand in the short term -- that's what a tax cut does. But you can't sustain it because you're not going to have the resources to keep pushing at that rate," he said.

Another reason growth could slow down is wages, which have been barely keeping pace with inflation.

"This is highly unusual this late in an economic expansion," Robert Frick, corporate economist with the Navy Federal Credit Union, wrote in a note. "For consumers to keep contributing to growth, real wages will have to increase." 

The latest GDP figure is the Commerce Department's first readout of economic growth between April and June. The agency will revise its estimate twice more in the coming months.

-- CBS News' Alain Sherter contributed reporting