Food Allergy in Kids Up 18%

food allergies do appear to be continuously increasing over the decade," CDC health statistician Amy Barnum, MSPH , tells WebMD. "And if you look at hospital discharges with any diagnosis related to food allergy, there has been a significant increase."

The new CDC data confirms what pediatricians and allergists have been suspecting, says Hugh Sampson, MD, director of the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York.

"There was the impression food allergy is increasing in children, but we only had data on peanut allergy ," Sampson tells WebMD. "This report shows it is food allergy in general. That goes along with what a lot of pediatric allergists and pediatricians have been thinking."

Eight types of food account for 90% of food allergies, the CDC finds:

• Milk


• Eggs


• Peanuts


• Tree nuts


• Fish


• Shellfish


• Soy


• Wheat

"This seems to be primarily a phenomenon of Westernized countries, among people who have our kind of lifestyle and our kind of diet. You don't see similar things in countries in Asia or in Africa," he notes.

For example, Sampson says, children in China eat just as much peanut-based food as U.S. children do. But peanut allergy is almost unheard of in China.

"We eat peanuts dry roasted, and they eat them boiled or fried," Sampson notes. "The high temperature of dry roasting does make peanuts accrue changes that make them more allergenic."

Most food allergies develop in the first years of life. Milk and egg allergies tend to occur before a child's first birthday. Sampson suggests that the CDC numbers -- based on food allergies in the last year in kids up to 18 years old -- may actually underestimate the prevalence of food allergies in very young children.

"There was a study suggesting that 6% to 8% of kids up to age 3 years had some form of food allergy. Then by age 10 it drops down to about 4%, which corresponds with the number the CDC has come up with," Sampson notes.

Food allergy is different from food intolerance. An allergic reaction is a haywire immune response to what should be a harmless substance. Food intolerance is the inability to digest or to metabolize food.

Sampson says kids who develop food allergies usually get a skin rash or hives. With more severe cases, there may be vomiting or difficulty breathing. A child with food intolerance usually has a stomachache, bloating, and/or diarrhea.

Food allergies can be very serious.

"I would never ignore a rash. At a minimum, contact a pediatrician," Sampson says. "And we know that children who develop a milk allergy are at risk of another allergy. We see that kids with milk allergy get other allergic symptoms, like asthma, much more often than kids without food allergies."

Indeed, the CDC finds:

• 29% of kids with food allergies, but only 12% of kids without food allergies, also have asthma.


• 27% of kids with food allergies, but only 8% of kids without food allergies, also have eczema or skin allergy.


• More than 30% of kids with food allergies, but only 9% of kids without food allergies, also have respiratory allergies.

The CDC report, "Food Allergy Among U.S. Children: Trends in Prevalence and Hospitalizations," was released on Oct. 22.

By Daniel DeNoon
Reviewed by Louise Chang
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