Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma "fracking" pioneer, files for bankruptcy

Chesapeake Energy, a shale drilling pioneer that helped to turn the U.S. into a global energy powerhouse, has filed for bankruptcy protection.

The Oklahoma City-based company said it was a necessary decision given its debt load of nearly $9 billion. Chesapeake Energy has entered a plan with lenders to cut $7 billion of its debt and said it will continue to operate as usual during the bankruptcy.

Founded in 1989 with an initial $50,000 investment, Chesapeake focused on drilling in underdeveloped areas of Oklahoma and Texas. It largely abandoned traditional vertical well drilling, employing instead lateral drilling techniques to free natural gas from unconventional shale formations. The oil and gas company was a leader in the fracking boom, using unconventional techniques to extract oil and gas from the ground, a method that has come under scrutiny because of its environmental impact.

More than 200 oil producers have filed for bankruptcy protection in the past five years, a trend that's expected to continue as the coronavirus pandemic saps demand for energy and depresses prices further.

Chesapeake grew with lightning speed under one-time CEO Aubrey McClendon, known for his aggressiveness acquiring oil and gas drilling rights. He pushed the company to acquire enormous tracks of land in several states, taking on mounting debt along the way. As Chesapeake was expanding at breakneck speed, natural gas prices were near $20 per million British thermal units, the benchmark for natural gas trading. But frackers like Chesapeake flooded the market with cheap natural gas, sending prices to well under $2.

McClendon left the company in 2013 with questions swirling about its business practices. On March 1, 2016, McClendon was indicted on a charge of conspiring to rig bids on energy leases in Oklahoma. McClendon died the following day in a car accident. 

Chesapeake has paid millions of dollars to settle charges of bid rigging.

Robert Lawler became CEO after McClendon's death and began selling off assets to get the debt under control. The debt grew more threatening within two years as the fracking boom turn to a bust in 2015. Chesapeake reported a quarterly loss of $4 billion that year and laid off 750 jobs. 

Despite Chespeake's problems, Lawler last year remained the highest-paid CEO in Oklahoma with $15.4 million in compensation, according to a ranking compiled by The Associated Press and Equilar.

Chesapeake lost an eye-popping $8.3 billion in the first quarter of this year, and it listed $8.62 billion in net debt. The company said in a regulatory filing in May that "management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern."