13 money tips for 2013
(MoneyWatch) Next year is going to be a long one if you suffer from triskaidekaphobia, fear of the number 13. To lessen the anxiety, consider these 13 money tips for 2013.
1. Track your expenses. Almost every financial plan starts with this most dreaded task. Unfortunately, without understanding where your money goes, it's nearly impossible to make different choices about how to spend. The good news is that there are plenty of software programs to help you out, or you can use a plain old spreadsheet.
2. Establish adequate emergency reserve funds. Perhaps the single best way to protect yourself from unforeseen circumstances is to hold 6 to 12 months of living expenses in cash or cash equivalent accounts. For those in retirement, consider carrying 12 to 24 months of expenses. Don't forget to replenish cash reserves for any bills that are coming up over the next year.
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3. Earn more on your safe money. Sure, interest rates are low, but with a little work you can squeeze out some extra money. Go to www.depositaccounts.com, where you can find longer-term CDs with low penalties; shop around at credit unions that offer better interest than most banks; and consider "I-bonds," a kind of savings bond issued by the U.S. government, from treasurydirect.gov.
4. Get a handle on your risk tolerance. Before you make big changes to your investment accounts, take a risk assessment questionnaire, like this one from Vanguard. The results should help you re-balance your portfolio in a manner that is consistent with your needs and takes into account your emotions.
5. Determine whether you should manage your money or hire someone to do it. Do you have the time, energy, acumen and temperament necessary to successfully manage all of the components of your financial life? If not, it could be time to interview a financial professional. The National Association of Personal Financial Advisors is a good place to start the process.
6. Stop trying to beat the market. "Most investors are not beating the market; the market is beating them," says Charles D. Ellis, a consultant to large institutional investors. Ellis conducted research that found that only one in five mutual fund managers beats the index over the long run. With those odds, investors would be wise to replace actively individual stocks and managed mutual funds with index or exchange-traded funds.
7. Calculate your retirement number. Many people say they are worried about retirement, but most of them haven't done any planning to help themselves. Any conversation about retirement must start with an easy step -- calculating how much in savings people need to ensure a financially secure retirement. The Employee Benefit Research Institute's "Choose to Save Ballpark E$timate" tool is easy to use, or check out your retirement plan/401(k) website for more retirement tools.
8. Maximize retirement contributions. The federal government is helping on this front by increasing the 2013 limit for employees who participate in 401(k), 403(b), most 457 plans and the government's Thrift Savings Plan to $17,500 from $17,000. The catch-up contribution limit for employees aged 50 and over remains unchanged, at $5,500. The limit on annual contributions to traditional and Roth IRAs will rise by $500 to $5,500.
9. Consider buying a home. The real estate market is recovering, which means that those who have been sitting on the sidelines may want to take the plunge on a new home. Still, make sure you weigh whether you are better off renting or buying with this NY Times calculator.
10. Refinance your mortgage. Mortgage rates are at historically low rates and appraisals are starting to rise, so even if you haven't been able to refinance in the past couple of years, try again. Use this re-fi calculator to determine how much you may be able to save or how many years you could potentially shave off the term of your mortgage.
11. Assess your property insurance, Superstorm Sandy was a painful lesson in the limits of homeowners insurance. The best time to review your policy is before an event occurs, not after. The three biggest mistakes people make with homeowners insurance are: 1) under-insuring; 2) shopping by price only and not comparing apples to apples; and 3) not reading policy details before a loss occurs.
12. Review life, disability and long-term care insurance coverage.
This is the part of your financial life where an error can cause huge
damage to your family. For life insurance, make sure you have enough
with this online calculator. Nine times out of 10, term life insurance
is the best bet. For disability insurance, enroll in your company's
plan, if offered. If you are self-employed, shop around and buy at least
some coverage. If you're over 50, time to shop around for long-term
care insurance.
13. Create/review/update estate documents: Hire a lawyer to prepare a will, power of attorney and health care proxy/living will documents. If you prefer doing it yourself, you can use software like Quicken WillMaker. As part of the process, create a go-to list of documents, which can include key information about investment accounts, insurance policies, auto titles, income tax returns. Estate records and final instructions also should be stored in a safe place -- don't forget to provide copies to your executor or trustee.
