Stocks tumble on fears about rates, recession after jobs data
Good news on the economy means bad news for Wall Street, with stocks tumbling Friday on worries a still-strong U.S jobs market may actually make a recession more likely.
The S&P 500 sank 2.8% after the government said employers hired more workers last month than economists expected.
Even though job growth is slowing, the unemployment rate dipped to a 50-year low, signaling the labor market remains tight. Wall Street is concerned the Federal Reserve could see that as proof the economy hasn't slowed enough yet to get inflation under control. That could clear the way for the central bank to continue hiking interest rates, something that heightens the risk of causing a recession if done too aggressively.
"The September jobs report reinforced the fact that the labor market remains tight and will keep the Fed on course for continuing to aggressively tighten monetary policy," said Cliff Hodge, chief investment officer, of Cornerstone Wealth. "We are going to remain in the environment where good news for the economy is bad news for markets."
The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 630 points, or 2.1%, at 29,296, and the Nasdaq composite slumped 3.8%. The drops marked a return to form for stocks, which have been mostly falling all year on worries about high inflation, higher interest rates and the possibility of a recession.
Wall Street had recovered a bit early this week in a powerful but short-lived rally after some investors squinted hard enough at some weaker-than-expected data on the economy to suggest the Fed may take it easier on rate hikes. But Friday's jobs report may have snuffed out hopes for a "pivot" by the Fed, a pattern that has been repeated several times this year.
"Ultimately, the direction of the stock market is likely to be lower because either the economy and corporate profits are going to slow meaningfully or the Fed is going to have to raise rates even higher and keep them higher for longer," noted Chris Zaccarelli, chief investment officer of the Independent Advisor Alliance.
Either trend will put pressure on corporate profits and stock valuations, he noted.
Stocks of technology companies have been among the hardest hit by this year's rising rates, which most hurt investments seen as the riskiest, most expensive or having to make investors wait the longest for big growth.
On Friday, Microsoft slumped 5.2%, and Amazon fell 5%. Advanced Micro Devices fell 13.5% after it warned revenue for its latest quarter is likely to come in at $5.6 billion, below its prior forecasted range of $6.5 billion to $6.9 billion. AMD said the market for personal computers weakened significantly during the quarter, hurting its sales.
Pressure on wages
Also discouraging for investors was that the unemployment rate improved for the wrong reasons. Among people who aren't working, fewer than usual are actively looking for jobs. That's a continuation of a longstanding trend that could keep upward pressure on wages and inflation.
Where wages go has a big impact on the Fed, which wants to avoid a cycle where higher workers' wages lead companies to hike prices for their products more, which leads to higher inflation and even more demands from workers for higher wages.
Friday's jobs report showed that average wages for workers rose 5% last month from a year earlier. That's a slowdown from August's 5.2% growth but still potentially high enough to concern the Fed.
"We are not out of the woods yet, but should be getting closer as the impact of aggressive policy starts to take hold," said Matt Peron, director of research at Janus Henderson Investors.
Altogether, many investors see the jobs data keeping the Fed on track to hike its key overnight interest rate by 0.75 of a percentage point next month. It would be the fourth such increase, which is triple the usual amount, and bring the rate up to a range of 3.75% to 4% after starting the year at virtually zero.
By hiking interest rates, the Fed is hoping to slow the economy and jobs market. That hopefully will starve inflation of the purchases needed to keep prices rising even further. It's already seen some effects, as higher mortgage rates have hurt the housing industry in particular. The risk is that if the Fed goes too far, it could squeeze the economy into a recession.
In the meantime, higher rates push down on prices for stocks, cryptocurrencies and all kinds of other investments.
Treasury yields on the rise
Treasury yields rose immediately after the jobs report's release, though they wobbled a bit afterward. The yield on the 10-year Treasury, which helps set rates for mortgages and other loans, climbed to 3.88% from 3.83% late Thursday.
The two-year yield, which more closely tracks expectations for Fed action, rose to 4.31% from 4.26%. Earlier in the morning, it climbed above 4.33% and was near its highest level since 2007.
Crude oil, meanwhile, continued its sharp climb. Benchmark U.S. crude jumped 4.7% to settle at $92.64 per barrel. Brent crude, the international standard, rose 3.7% to settle at $97.92.
They've shot higher because big oil-producing countries have pledged to cut production in order to keep prices up. That should keep the pressure up on inflation, which is still near a four-decade high but hopefully moderating.
The next monthly update on U.S. inflation arrives on Thursday. That's the next piece of major economic news that could alter the Fed's thinking on interest rates before its upcoming November 2 decision.