Federal court orders Philips Respironics to stop manufacturing sleep apnea machines at 3 Pittsburgh-area facilities
The company responsible for a global recall of sleep apnea machines will be barred from resuming production at U.S. facilities until it meets a number of safety requirements, under a long-awaited settlement announced Tuesday by federal officials.
A federal court ordered Philips Respironics to stop manufacturing most sleep and respiratory devices at facilities in Murrysville, New Kensington and Mt. Pleasant and to stop distribution until the company takes specific measures designed to increase safety and ensure compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the U.S. Department of Justice said.
Philips will be required to overhaul its manufacturing and quality control systems and hire independent experts to vet the changes, according to the court order. The company must also continue to replace, repair or provide refunds to all U.S. customers who got the defective devices, the department said.
The action is a major step toward resolving one of the biggest medical device recalls in history, which has dragged on for nearly three years.
Most of the devices recalled are continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, machines. They force air through a mask to keep mouth and nasal passageways open during sleep. Left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to dangerous drowsiness and increased risk of heart attack.
Philips has recalled more than 5 million of the machines since 2021 because their internal foam can break down over time, leading users to inhale tiny particles and fumes while they sleep. Efforts to repair or replace the machines have been plagued by delays that have frustrated regulators and patients in the U.S. and other countries.
Lawyers for the federal government alleged that the company failed to comply with good manufacturing practices needed to ensure device safety. The company did not admit to the allegations, according to the court filing.
"Today's consent decree requires Philips Respironics to meet a series of stringent thresholds before restarting production and establishes safeguards against future violations of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act," U.S. Attorney Eric Olshan said in a press release. "This office, the FDA and our partner agencies are committed to holding manufacturers accountable when they violate the law and put the public at risk."
Under the legal agreement, Philips must hire independent auditors to create a plan for fixing its manufacturing problems and for monitoring problems with the sleep devices. The plan must then be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The experts must also certify that new foam selected by the company meets FDA safety standards.
Earlier this year, the FDA said 561 deaths were reported in connection to recalled Philips devices.
Richard Callendar has used a Philips Respironics CPAP machine for years after a bilateral lung transplant and a kidney transplant.
"It's about time. This has been going on, there's been complaints about the machine as far back as 2010," Callendar said.
When he heard about the recall, Callendar did what he says the company told him to do and sent it back for a refund, replacement or repair.
"They said they would expedite it," he said, but, "It took them over two years. Two years with my conditions, and it's absolutely unforgivable."
Jeffrey Reed, of Marysville, Ohio, experienced persistent sinus infections and two bouts of pneumonia during the seven years he used a Philips machine.
"I worry about my long-term health," Reed said. "I used this machine for years and no matter what money I might get out of this, what's going to happen?"
Reed received a newer Philips device after returning his old machine, but he doesn't like to use it, preferring a competitor's device.
"I don't trust the company," Reed said. "I don't want to use it."
Reed is one of more than 750 people who have filed personal injury lawsuits against the company over the devices. Those cases have been consolidated in a federal court in Pennsylvania.
Similar lawsuits are pending in Canada, Australia, Israel and Chile, according to the company.
The Dutch manufacturer announced in January it had reached a tentative agreement with the FDA and the Department of Justice. But U.S. regulators wouldn't confirm the deal at the time because it had not yet been reviewed by a federal judge.
The FDA's website warns patients that the risks of ingesting the sound-dampening foam could include headache, asthma, allergic reactions and more serious problems. In November, the agency issued a new warning that the machines can overheat, in rare cases causing fires.
An FDA inspection of Philips' Pennsylvania offices in the fall of 2021 uncovered a spate of red flags, including emails suggesting the company was warned of the problem with its foam six years before the recall.
Between 2016 and early 2021, FDA found 14 instances where Philips was made aware of the issue or was analyzing the problem. "No further design change, corrective action or field correction was conducted," the FDA inspectors repeatedly noted.
In 2022, the FDA took the rare step of ordering Philips to step up its outreach to customers about the recall including "clearer information about the health risks of its products." At the time, the agency estimated only about half the people in the U.S. with affected machines knew they had been recalled.
Customers trying to obtain refunds or new or refurbished devices from the company have reported long delays.
Phillips CEO Roy Jakobs issued a statement saying, "Strengthening patient safety and quality remains Philips' highest priority and the increased scrutiny will help us to improve even more. With the agreement on a consent decree for Philips Respironics in place, we now have a clear path forward to gradually restore the business, serving patients around the world."
Callendar says that's great, but while he thinks the company is at fault, he said Washington also dropped the ball.
"I believe there should be a heavy investigation into the FDA and why there wasn't any action taken sooner," Callendar said, adding, "They seem to turn a blind eye to that."