President Obama Says Iran Nuclear Deal 'Built On Verification'

WASHINGTON (CBSNewYork/AP) -- President Barack Obama said a landmark nuclear deal with Iran "is not built on trust, it is built on verification.''

Obama spoke from the White House on Tuesday morning after the deal was announced.

"This deal demonstrates that American diplomacy can bring about real and meaningful change -- change that makes our country, and the world, safer and more secure," he said.

He said all of Iran's pathways to a nuclear weapon are cut off under the terms of the agreement. The president said Iran will remove two-thirds of its installed centrifuges and get rid of 98 percent of its stockpile of uranium.

EXTRAS: Watch Obama's Full Statement On Iran Nuke Deal | White House Releases Details On Iran Nuke Deal

"This deal meets every single one of the bottom lines that we established when we achieved a framework earlier this spring," he said.

In exchange, the president said Iran will receive phased in sanctions relief as it fulfills the provisions in the deal.

"Iran must complete key nuclear steps before it begins to receive new sanctions relief," he said. "And over the course of the next decade, Iran must abide by the deal before additional sanctions are lifted, including five years for restrictions related to arms, and eight years for restrictions related to ballistic missiles."

Obama threatened to veto any congressional legislation that would seek to block implementation of the agreement.

"I believe it would be irresponsible to walk away from this deal," he said.

He said that no deal "means a greater chance of more war'' in the Middle East.

The accord will keep Iran from producing enough material for an atomic weapon for at least 10 years and impose new provisions for inspections of Iranian facilities, including military sites.

And it marks a dramatic break from decades of animosity between the United States and Iran, countries that alternatively call each other the "leading state sponsor of terrorism'' and "the Great Satan.''

'What a stunning, historic mistake'

The reaction to the deal was swift in Israel, where Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the accord rewards terrorists, CBS2's Dick Brennan reported.

"What a stunning, historic mistake," Netanyahu said. "In a decade, this deal will give an unreformed, unrepentant and far richer terrorist regime the capacity to produce many nuclear bombs."

New Jersey governor and GOP presidential candidate Chris Christie was equally concerned, issuing a statement via Twitter saying Obama should have walked away from the deal because he is "playing a dangerous game with our national security."

As CBS2's Maurice DuBois reported, unease also persisted in Washington.

"It's going to hand a dangerous regime billions of dollars in sanctions relief while paving the way for a nuclear Iran," said Rep. John Boehner (R-Ohio).

Boehner said the issue was not politics.

"This isn't about Democrats or Republicans. It isn't a partisan issue at all," he said. "It's about right versus wrong."

Christie also said the deal threatens Israel and the United States.

U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.) said in a statement that she "strongly supported and helped pass the sanctions that were put in place that brought Iran to the table, but sanctions alone won't work."

"The best outcome for the national security interests of the United States and Israel is a strong, verifiable deal that prevents Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon," she said. "Now that the deal is complete, it's Congress' duty to look long and hard at the details. I want to read all of the details, especially on the verification components, before making a determination whether this is a good deal."

U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer (D-N.Y.) said he intends to go through the agreement "with a fine-tooth comb."

"I supported legislation ensuring that Congress would have time and space to review the deal and now we must use it well," Schumer said. "Supporting or opposing this agreement is not a decision to be made lightly, and I plan to carefully study the agreement before making an informed decision."

On Monday, former New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani said making a deal with Iran is detrimental.

"So if we make a deal with them, we're going to release money to them. And the money is going to go to terrorists who are attempting to kill Israelis, Americans," Giuliani said. "I think the deal is very, very dangerous to American security."

'A New Chapter'

In Tehran, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said "a new chapter'' has begun in his nation's relations with the world.

Obama and Rouhani spoke moments after the formal announcement of the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, whose completion comes after more than two weeks of furious diplomacy during which negotiators blew through three self-imposed deadlines. The top American and Iranian diplomats both threatened at points to walk away from the talks.

On Tuesday in Vienna, however, all sides hailed the outcome. Announcing the accord, Federica Mogherini, the European Union's foreign policy chief, said diplomats "delivered on what the world was hoping for -- a shared commitment to peace and to join our hands to make our world safer.'' The deal, she said, ensures that Iran's nuclear program "will be exclusively peaceful.''

In a final negotiating session with his counterparts from the United States, Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said, "We are reaching an agreement that is not perfect for anybody, but it is what we could accomplish, and it is an important achievement for all of us.''

Secretary of State John Kerry, who did most of the bargaining with Zarif, said persistence paid off. "Believe me, had we been willing to settle for a lesser deal we would have finished this negotiation a long time ago,'' he told reporters.

The breakthrough came after several key compromises.

Iran agreed to the continuation of a U.N. arms embargo on the country for up to five more years, though it could end earlier if the International Atomic Energy Agency definitively clears Iran of any current work on nuclear weapons. A similar condition was put on U.N. restrictions on the transfer of ballistic missile technology to Tehran, which could last for up to eight more years, according to diplomats.

Washington had sought to maintain the ban on Iran importing and exporting weapons, concerned that an Islamic Republic flush with cash from the nuclear deal would expand its military assistance for Syrian President Bashar Assad's government, Yemen's Houthi rebels, the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah and other forces opposing America's Mideast allies such as Saudi Arabia and Israel.

Iranian leaders insisted the embargo had to end as their forces combat regional scourges such as the Islamic State. And they got some support from China and particularly Russia, which wants to expand military cooperation and arms sales to Tehran, including the long-delayed transfer of S-300 advanced air defense systems, a move long opposed by the United States.

Another significant agreement will allow U.N. inspectors to press for visits to Iranian military sites as part of their monitoring duties, something the country's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had long vowed to oppose. However, access isn't guaranteed and could be delayed, a condition that critics of the deal are sure to seize on as possibly giving Tehran time to cover up any illicit activity.

Under the accord, which runs almost 100 pages, Tehran would have the right to challenge the U.N request and an arbitration board composed of Iran and the six world powers would then decide on the issue. The IAEA also wants the access to complete its long-stymied investigation of past weapons work by Iran, and the U.S. says Iranian cooperation is needed for all economic sanctions to be lifted.

IAEA chief Yukiya Amano said Tuesday his agency and Iran had signed a "roadmap'' to resolve outstanding concerns, hopefully by mid-December.

The economic benefits for Iran are potentially massive. It stands to receive more than $100 billion in assets frozen overseas, and an end to a European oil embargo and various financial restrictions on Iranian banks.

But it didn't come easily, as tempers flared and voices were raised during debates over several of the most contentious matters. The mood soured particularly last week after Iran dug in its heels on several points and Kerry threatened to abandon the effort, according to diplomats involved in the talks. They weren't authorized to speak publicly on the private diplomacy and demanded anonymity.

By Monday, however, the remaining gaps were bridged in a meeting that started with Kerry, Mogherini and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, and then involved the Iranians. A half-hour after Zarif's inclusion, the ministers emerged and told aides they had an accord.

The deal comes after nearly a decade of international, intercontinental diplomacy that until recently was defined by failure. Breaks in the talks sometimes lasted for months, and Iran's nascent nuclear program expanded into one that Western intelligence agencies saw as only a couple of months away from weapons capacity.  The U.S. and Israel both threatened possible military responses.

The United States joined the negotiations in 2008, and U.S. and Iranian officials met together secretly four years later in Oman to see if diplomatic progress was possible. But the process remained essentially stalemated until summer 2013, when Hassan Rouhani was elected president and declared his country ready for serious compromise.

More secret U.S.-Iranian discussions followed, culminating in a face-to-face meeting between Kerry and Zarif at the United Nations in September 2013 and a telephone conversation between Rouhani and President Barack Obama. That conversation marked the two countries' highest diplomatic exchange since Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution and the ensuing hostage crisis at the American embassy in Tehran.

Kerry and Zarif took the lead in the negotiations. Two months later, in Geneva, Iran and the six powers announced an interim agreement that temporarily curbed Tehran's nuclear program and unfroze some Iranian assets while setting the stage for Tuesday's comprehensive accord.

It took time to get the final deal, however. The talks missed deadlines for the pact in July 2014 and November 2014, leading to long extensions. Finally, in early April, negotiators reached framework deal in Lausanne, Switzerland, setting up the last push for the historic agreement.

The disputes are likely to continue, however. In a foreshadowing of the public relations battle ahead, Iranian state TV released a fact sheet of elements it claimed were in the final agreement -- a highly selective list that highlighted Iranian gains and minimized its concessions.

Among them was an assertion that all sanctions-related U.N. resolutions will be lifted at once. While a new U.N. resolution will revoke previous sanctions, it will also re-impose restrictions in a number of categories.

Beyond the parties to the pact, spoilers abound.

In the United States, Congress has a 60-day review period during which Obama cannot make good on any concessions to the Iranians. U.S. lawmakers could hold a vote of disapproval and take further action.

Iranian hardliners oppose dismantling a nuclear program the country has spent hundreds of billions of dollars developing. Khamenei, while supportive of his negotiators thus far, has issued a series of defiant red lines that may be impossible to reconcile in a deal with the West.

And further afield, Israel will strongly oppose the outcome. It sees the acceptance of extensive Iranian nuclear infrastructure and continued nuclear activity as a mortal threat, and has warned that it could take military action on its own, if necessary.

The deal is a "bad mistake of historic proportions,'' Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Tuesday, adding that it would enable Iran to "continue to pursue its aggression and terror in the region.''

Netanyahu said the agreement that lifts painful economic sanctions against Iran will bring in a much-needed influx of funds without stopping it from developing a capacity to prevent nuclear weapons.

"This cash bonanza will fuel Iran's terrorism worldwide, its aggression in region, and its efforts to destroy Israel, which are ongoing,'' he said.

He noted that just last Friday, Rouhani participated in a parade where American and Israeli flags were burned.

Sunni Arab rivals of Shiite Iran are none too happy, either, with Saudi Arabia in particularly issuing veiled threats to develop its own nuclear program.

Meanwhile, at the East Hill Synagogue in Englewood, New Jersey, Rabbi Zev Reichman called it a terrible day for American history, 1010 WINS' Glenn Schuck reported.

"Islamic Republic of Iran has an ideology of conquering the cosmos, not just controlling the Middle East," he said. "And to believe their expressions of goodwill is so frightening and upsetting."

He said many in the Jewish community are counting on Congress to put a stop to the deal.

"They'll exercise their oversight over this deal because it's a dangerous day for the world," he said.

Although Obama doesn't need Congressional approval for the deal, lawmakers will likely try to derail it by passing new sanctions or preventing Obama from lifting existing sanctions -- the key incentive for Iran to comply with the deal.

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