What we know after 43 monkeys escaped a South Carolina research facility

All 43 monkeys that escaped from a research facility in South Carolina  in November, prompting warnings for nearby residents to secure their doors and windows, have been captured safely, officials told CBS News on Jan. 24.

"Everyone is healthy and doing well," Greg Westergaard, CEO of the research company Alpha Genesis, said in an email.

Here is what we know:

Where exactly did the monkeys escape in South Carolina?

The primates broke loose from Alpha Genesis in Yemassee, Beaufort County, in South Carolina.

The company confirmed that 43 rhesus macaque primates escaped from an enclosure at one of the company's facilities.

The Yemassee Police Department said in November that traps with bait were set up and thermal imaging cameras were used to capture the monkeys.

"Residents are strongly advised to keep doors and windows secured to prevent these animals from entering homes," police said at the time. "If you spot any of the escaped animals, please contact 911 immediately and refrain from approaching them."

How did the monkeys escape the research facility?

Westergaard told CBS News in November that a caretaker inadvertently failed to secure a door at the enclosure, allowing the monkeys to roam free.

"It's really like follow-the-leader. You see one go and the others go," he said. "It was a group of 50 and 7 stayed behind and 43 bolted out the door."

He told CBS News at the time that the monkeys stayed close to the facility.

"They're just being goofy monkeys jumping back and forth playing with each other," he said. "It's kind of like a playground situation here."

Westergaard said the company put out baited traps but the monkeys were reluctant to go inside them.

"They're jumping down and taking the food and then jumping back up on the fence and the tree line," he added. "They're watching us the same way we're watching them."

He acknowledged that it would be a long process to get them back and that they didn't want to chase the monkeys because that would spook them and make them run away.

"We've got them very close," Westergaard said. "This is all like what we want to see."

Have the monkeys been recovered?

All 43 of the monkeys have been recovered as of Jan. 24, officials said. Westergaard told CBS News that they were all healthy.

"Tasty treats for all! It's like a big monkey party celebration at the moment, lots of friendly cooing, jumping about, and grooming. A truly wonderful sight," he said.

What kind of monkeys are they?

The monkeys that escaped are rhesus macaque primates, which have brown fur with red faces and ears. They have close-cropped hair on their heads, which accentuates their very expressive faces.

The rhesus macaques are Asian, Old World monkeys that are primarily found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia and China.

Rhesus macaques were imported to the U.S. in the 1970s for biomedical research in laboratories, according to the New England Primate Conservancy.

Rhesus macaques are "bold, extremely curious, and adventurous monkeys" and the species is "highly adaptable to coexisting alongside humans," the conservancy says.

The rhesus macaque's typical diet includes roots, fruit, seeds, and bark as well as insects and small animals.

What were they using the monkeys to test?

According to its website, Alpha Genesis breeds monkeys and provides "nonhuman primate products and bio-research services" across the globe. The company's clinical trials reportedly include research on progressive brain disorders.

Local authorities said that the escaped primates were "very young females weighing approximately 6-7 lbs" and had never been used for testing due to their age.

Alpha Genesis says its staff of veterinary technicians and animal specialists work with cynomolgous, rhesus and capuchin monkeys.

The Post and Courier newspaper reported in 2023 that Alpha Genesis won a federal contract to oversee a colony of 3,500 rhesus monkeys on South Carolina's Morgan Island, known as "Monkey Island."

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed in a statement that the monkeys were previously living on Morgan Island as "free-range monkeys" and were brought to the Alpha Genesis facility "for conditioning to be around people."  

The facility is registered with the CDC as a nonhuman primates importer, which means it "must meet standards for the importation, quarantine, and use of NHPs," the agency said.

The CDC added that "the risk to the public is low as long as people do not approach or come in contact" with the monkeys. 

How often do research monkeys escape?

This is not the first time primates have escaped from Alpha Genesis.

Eight years ago, 19 primates escaped from the company's facility but were recaptured about six hours later.

CBS affiliate WCSC in Charleston at the time reported that local officials said the escapes were not infrequent but generally the monkeys return to the compound because they know that is where there is food.

"Every couple of years we'll have one or two that get out. We have never had this many get out," Westergaard told CBS News.

In 2022, dozens of lab monkeys escaped after a truck carrying 100 of the animals crashed in Pennsylvania. All the primates were later accounted for .

Research facility has history of USDA violations

An investigation by CBS affiliate WTOC found that in 2022, Alpha Genesis received eight violations from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, including a housing facilities violation and a veterinary violation.

The report found that in the first eight months of 2022, six monkeys were placed in the wrong enclosures – one animal was found dead from "trauma caused by the resident animals in the enclosure," and four animals required subsequent veterinary care.

WTOC also reported that in that same time period, there were six separate occasions when monkeys escaped their enclosure. After those escapes, the company repaired the chain link and got rid of some of the cages that were breached, the station report.

Alpha Genesis was most recently inspected by the USDA in May 2024, and did not receive any violations. That report shows that at the time of the inspection, there were at least 6,701 monkeys on the property, WTOC reported. 

Anna Schecter contributed to this report.

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• South Carolina