Military sexual assault bills set for Senate votes

Legislation to curb sexual assaults in the military by stripping senior commanders of their authority to prosecute rapes and other serious offenses is headed for a highly anticipated vote in the Senate.

The bill, which is expected to come up for a vote Thursday afternoon, is firmly opposed by the Pentagon's leadership, which argues officers should have more responsibility, not less, for the conduct of the troops they lead.

Gillibrand has bipartisan support from 54 of her colleagues and has indicated she will get the 60 votes necessary to advance the bill. She will need to pick up 5 additional votes to reach the required 60 votes to break a filibuster.

"I think we're going to pass this bill. I think we have the votes we need. We already have a majority of the Senate behind it," Gillibrand told CBS News' Bob Schieffer last week. "We have more support than even declared and I think we will get the 60 votes necessary to overcome the filibuster and even 60 votes for the measure."

If the Gillibrand bill receives 60 votes, the Senate will then vote for final passage of the bill, which only requires a simple majority.

Following the Gillibrand votes, the Senate will vote on a competing proposal from Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., which would make smaller reforms to the military justice system, but does not remove sexual assault cases from the chain of command.

The Pentagon came under pressure last month to disclose more information about how sexual assault cases are adjudicated following an Associated Press investigation that found a pattern of inconsistent judgments and light penalties for sexual assaults at U.S. bases in Japan.

Gillibrand, who chairs the Senate Armed Services personnel subcommittee, called on Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel in a Feb. 10 letter to turn over case information from four major U.S. bases: Fort Hood in Texas, Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia, Camp Pendleton Marine Corps base in California and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. Such records would shed more light on how military commanders make decisions about courts-martial and punishments in sexual assault cases and whether the inconsistent judgments seen in Japan are more widespread.

An Associated Press investigation, which was based on hundreds of internal military documents it first began requesting in 2009, found that what appeared to be strong cases were often reduced to lesser charges. Suspects were unlikely to serve time even when military authorities agreed a crime had been committed. In two rape cases, commanders overruled recommendations to court-martial the accused and dropped the charges instead.

After much debate, Congress late last year passed numerous changes to the military's legal system. But the reforms didn't go far enough for many lawmakers.

Under Gillibrand's proposal, the decision to take serious crimes to courts-martial would be taken away from commanders and given to seasoned military trial lawyers who have prosecutorial experience and would operate out of a newly established office independent of the chain of command.

The legislation, she said in a recent AP interview, would spark the cultural shift needed to create a climate in which victims have the confidence to step forward and report sex crimes without the fear of retaliation.

With commanders making the call, there's the chance a personal bias may influence the decision, proponents of Gillibrand's bill have argued.

"If we measured any other mission that our military has set zero tolerance for, compared to how they've done on sexual assault, there would be an outcry louder than we can imagine," Gillibrand said. "But in this case, they have failed over and over and over again."

The Defense Department is staunchly against Gillibrand's plan, as are key members of the Senate Armed Services Committee, including Chairman Carl Levin, D-Mich., Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, the top Republican on the personnel subcommittee, and McCaskill, D-Mo.

The dispute hinges on the pivotal role senior military commanders play. Formally known as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, the Defense Department's system is completely separate from the civilian courts. Within the military's code, commanders are vested with substantial authority to decide when and how to deal with crimes committed by service members.

That power to punish or pardon has been a principal tenet of military law dating back more than two centuries. It's rooted in the military's conviction that commanders must have the ability to discipline the troops they lead in peacetime and war. Undercutting that role, top Defense Department officials have warned, would send a message that there is lack of faith in the officer corps, and that in turn will undermine the efficiency and effectiveness of the armed forces.

Hagel told CBS News' "Face the Nation" Sunday that he wants "more responsibility, not less" for commanders in dealing with assault cases.

"Commanders are accountable, they are accountable to their people, their systems," Hagel said. "If you disconnect the commanders... then you're taking away a certain responsibility of that commander on not only knowing what's going on in his or her command, but actually having some responsibility," he continued. "I want more responsibility put on our commanders, not less."

Air Force Col. Alan Metzler, deputy director of the Defense Department's Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, said the changes in military law and policy that have already been made are building an environment where victims trust that their allegations will be taken seriously and perpetrators will be punished.

"Every commander I've talked to wants to solve this problem," Metzler said. "They want the authority. They want the ability to lead this solution."

But Nancy Duff Campbell, co-president of the National Women's Law Center, said losing the ability to muster courts-martial for sexual assaults will actually help commanders.

"It's really giving the commanders more ability to command in the areas in which they have expertise," Campbell said.