How much change can Pope Francis bring to the Catholic Church?

"The change in the image of the papacy and the Vatican throughout the world" in one year, said Father Robert Dodaro, who teaches early Catholic philosophy at Rome's Pontifical Lateran University, "is nothing short of remarkable."

But a church riven by internal conflict and laboring under the shame of its priestly child-abuse scandal -- which Pope Francis again addressed earlier this month -- is still waiting to see what substantive changes this "Pope of the People" might bring.

"So the question comes up then: what's changed really?" asked Phillips.

"Nothing," Father Dodaro replied, "unless you think style is a lot more important than content -- and a lot of people do."

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It is the now-familiar change in the style of this pope that has made him such an international headline-getter: The pope who rejected the lavish papal residence in the Apostolic Palace, to live in a simple three-room apartment in the Vatican's clerical guest house.

The pope who carries his own bag, and who travels, not in a limo, but in a reasonably-priced car.

The pope who washes the feet even of non-Catholics, and who is more likely than not to give a kid a lift.

But all this atmospheric change has raised expectations that other changes must surely be in the papal pipeline.

This is the pope, after all, who when asked about his attitude toward homosexuals, did not echo the Catholic line that they had an "intrinsic disorder." Instead, he asked, "Who am I to judge?" Ears pricked up.

Was the Catholic Church about to reconsider its positions on gays? On divorce? On birth control? Well, yes and no.

"There's a difference between changing the teaching and changing the approach," said Father Dodaro. "We can change the approach, we can be welcoming to people whose lifestyles we cannot accept."

But if you're gay, or if you're divorced, and you feel yourself ostracized by the Church, the "welcoming" stance of the Church hasn't really changed, according to Father Dodaro.

Still, Francis has raised expectations of change in at least one area -- the complex theological quagmire of the Church's response to Catholic couples who divorce and then re-marry. It is anticipated that they might be accepted back into the Church.

"That's the expectation, yes," said Father Dodaro.

Will it happen? "I don't know," he said. "Pope Francis wants this debate to take place. That's remarkable in itself."

It's remarkable because Francis is no theological revolutionary. He's the product of a College of Cardinals selected by the two previous, very conservative popes, Benedict and John Paul II. Radical reform of Church doctrine is not what they had in mind when they chose Francis.

Longtime writer on Church affairs Massimo Franco thinks the popular view of Francis as a potential reformer may be based on wishful thinking.

"The major paradox with this pope is that he's wearing the clothes that other people want him to wear," Franco said. "But I'm not sure that they are the clothes he wants to wear."

"So he's still a very traditional man in terms of doctrine?" Phillips asked.

"I think he is a traditional man," Franco replied.

But Francis is a traditional man who doesn't come from the Roman tradition, or even the European one. In fact, much of his appeal is based on the fact he is an outsider, who has no stake in the mess at the center of the Church.

Francis' problem is the Vatican. He was elected by cardinals to fix this place -- its bureaucratic jealousies, its financial corruption, its sense of isolation from the real world where the Church should be doing its work.

And it's still Francis' problem, because there are parts of this place that don't want to be fixed.

Already there is grumbling that Francis doesn't understand how the Church's powerful administrative structure -- the Roman Curia -- really works; that he doesn't value the Cardinals who run its various departments or appreciate the work they do.

"Is he running up against opposition within this place to the changes he's trying to make?" asked Phillips.

"These cardinals who are working in the Roman Curia are seasoned Church bureaucrats," said Farther Dodaro. "So there's pushback, yes. Now, is that significant? I think not. You'd have to be naive to think you were going to come in and reform the Roman Curia and everyone was going to applaud you."

"And they wouldn't squeak."

"That's right. So, yeah, there's pushback."

There's also irony. The Church may have needed Francis, but he needs the Church. If he doesn't get the Vatican on his side, reform it in his image, he won't be able to single-handedly turn the Catholic Church into the more welcoming, more merciful place he says he wants it to be.

"Francis knows very well is that he can win worldwide only if he wins in Rome," said Franco. "If he doesn't win in Rome, then he cannot win worldwide."

NOTE: Edits to an earlier version of this story suggested that homosexuals cannot take communion. Father Dodaro said that the stance of the Church is that homosexuals cannot take communion "if you're actively, let's say practicing your sexuality, no, you can't. He/she can't, unless he first goes to confession and confesses his sin."

For more info:

• The Vatican, The Holy See (English)
• Follow Pope Francis on Twitter
• Pontifical Lateran University, Rome
• "The Crisis in the Vatican Empire: From the Death of John Paul II to the Resignation of Benedict XVI: Why the Church Has Become the New Global Culprit" by Massimo Franco (Mondadori); Available in eBook format from Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and iTunes
• "Il Vaticano second Francisco" by Massimo Franco [in Italian] (Mondadori)
• Massimo Franco at The Guardian and Corriere della Sera