​Conductor Kurt Masur dead at 88

Conductor Kurt Masur, who was credited with helping prevent violence after the collapse of communism in East Germany and later reinvigorated the New York Philharmonic during an 11-year stint as music director, has died at 88.

Philharmonic President Matthew VanBesien announced his death in a statement Saturday, saying "it is with the deepest sadness that I write on behalf of the Masur family and the New York Philharmonic that Kurt Masur -- our inspiring Music Director, 1991-2002, and Music Director Emeritus -- passed away" earlier in the day.

Masur's 11-year tenure, one of the longest in Philharmonic history, "both set a standard and left a legacy that lives on today," he said.

"What we remember most vividly is Masur's profound belief in music as an expression of humanism. We felt this powerfully in the wake of 9/11, when he led the Philharmonic in a moving performance of Brahms's "Ein Deutsches Requiem," and musicians from the Orchestra gave free chamber concerts around Ground Zero," said VanBesien. "Today, New Yorkers still experience this humanist mark through the popular Annual Free Memorial Day Concert, which he introduced."

To watch Kurt Masur lead the New York Philharmonic in the final movement of Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 (the "New World Symphony"), click on the video player below.

Born on July 18, 1927, in what was then the German town of Brieg -- now Brzeg, Poland -- Masur studied piano, composition and conducting at the Music College of Leipzig. He was appointed in 1955 as conductor of the Dresden Philharmonic in East Germany.

Masur subsequently spent 26 years in charge of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. When Germany was reunited on Oct. 3, 1990, he directed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony at the official celebrations.

After reunification, he took charge of the London Philharmonic and the Orchestre National de France, among a slew of engagements that spanned three continents.

Leipzig was a focal point of the 1989 pro-democracy demonstrations that culminated in the opening of the Berlin Wall and the end of hard-line communist rule in East Germany. Masur was part of a group credited with preventing a crackdown on pro-democracy protesters.

Masur later said "blood would have flowed" on Oct. 9 that year if he and five others -- a satirist, a cleric and three party officials -- hadn't banded together and issued a public statement calling for calm and promising dialogue. Security forces and troops were massed in the streets and young people "were ready to die," he said.

A month later, the embattled regime opened East Germany's heavily-fortified border with the West.

Masur said he never wanted a political role. When his name surfaced during the search for a new German president in the early 1990s, he said he wasn't interested.

Instead, he dedicated himself to harmony in the concert hall Masur was credited with taming the New York Philharmonic, an orchestra seen as an unmanageable ensemble of egos when he took over from Zubin Mehta in 1991.

Masur "managed to get everybody to focus on the product of what we are doing," concertmaster Glenn Dicterow said before the conductor's departure in 2002. He said the orchestra was "not the bad boy of music anymore."

The New York Philharmonic's current music director, Alan Gilbert, was quoted as saying that Masur's tenure at the New York Philharmonic "represent one of its golden eras, in which music-making was infused with commitment and devotion - with the belief in the power of music to bring humanity closer together."

"The ethical and moral dimensions that he brought to his conducting are still palpable in the musicians' playing, and I, along with the Philharmonic's audiences, have much to thank him for," he said.

Masur was named the Philharmonic's music director emeritus, an honorary title previously held only by Leonard Bernstein.

Still, he hadn't wanted to leave New York but was forced out, losing a power struggle with then-Executive Director Deborah Borda. He was succeeded by Loren Maazel.

Masur, who made his U.S. debut in 1974 with the Cleveland Orchestra and also took the Gewandhaus Orchestra of Leipzig on its first American tour that year, stepped down as its director in 1996.

He was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic from 2000 to 2007, and music director at the Orchestre National de France from 2002 to 2008. In July 2007, he marked his 80th birthday by conducting the two orchestras combined at a concert in London.

He also held the title of honorary guest conductor of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.

In recent years, Masur said his main concern was to encourage emerging young conductors, and that their aim should be to create new impressions for uninitiated listeners, rather than to put themselves on show.

"The role of the conductor had to change because orchestras have become much stronger," Masur told German news agency dpa in 2013.

"The conductor used to be a kind of dictator - he was unassailable," he added. "Today that is no longer the case. Today it is all about making the partnership between conductor and orchestra so strong that the orchestra intuitively follows the conductor in what he wants."

Masur is survived by his third wife, Tomoko, a soprano from Japan; and five children, including Ken-David Masur, the San Diego Symphony's associate conductor.

The New York Philharmonic said a private funeral will be held and a public memorial is also planned.