Zika fears grow with second possible local case in Florida
Health officials are investigating the second possible case of non-travel related Zika in South Florida, the state's Department of Health announced, raising concerns that mosquitoes may have started spreading the disease within the United States.
Local officials are working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine if the virus was transmitted locally in Broward County. The investigation into another possible case in Miami-Dade County, announced earlier this week, is still ongoing.
If the cases are confirmed, they will be the first instance of people becoming infected with Zika virus by a mosquito bite within the continental United States.
There have already been more than 1,4000 Zika cases in the U.S., the CDC reports, but until now all of them were contracted during travel abroad or by sexual relations with someone who had traveled to areas where Zika is widespread.
As concern mounts about the virus being spread by mosquito bites on the U.S. mainland, Florida mosquito control officials worry they won't be able to keep up their efforts to contain the bugs that carry Zika without more federal funding.
"We want to make sure we reduce the mosquito population down to zero if possible in this case," said Chalmers Vasquez, Miami-Dade County's mosquito control operations manager.
Vasquez's inspectors are going door-to-door, trapping mosquitoes for testing, hand-spraying and removing the standing water where they breed. Such aggressive mosquito control and surveillance is now routine in Miami-Dade County, which leads Florida in confirmed Zika cases linked to travel.
Health officials have been warning for months that Zika's appearance in mosquitoes in the U.S. mainland is likely, but they don't expect widespread outbreaks like those seen in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The tropical mosquito that carries Zika, Aedes aegypti, likes to live near people and it doesn't travel far. Better building construction, more extensive use of air conditioning and window screens, wider use of bug repellant and broader mosquito control measures will help control the spread of Zika by mosquitoes in the U.S., experts believe. The same mosquito also has brought dengue and chikungunya to Florida and the Texas-Mexico border, but only in small clusters of cases.
Zika causes only mild symptoms or none at all for most people who contract it, but it can lead to severe birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.
Even suspected cases trigger costly responses, as inspectors sweep areas to eliminate their breeding sites, set traps and kill any mosquitoes they see. "We try to get access to every backyard we can," Vasquez said.
No mosquitoes collected in Miami-Dade County so far have tested positive for Zika or other viruses carried by the same species, according to state and county officials.
Federal funding to fight Zika
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it has provided Florida $8 million in Zika-specific funding, and the White House has said the state can anticipate receiving another $5.6 million in Zika funding through a grant this week.
But the state hasn't been able to fill most of the $15 million in emergency Zika funding requests, and Congress left on a seven-week vacation without giving the Obama administration any of the $1.9 billion it sought to battle Zika.
Florida's mosquito control districts can respond to Zika infections for now, but doing so burns up budgets for longer-term threats.
Volusia County has confirmed only three travel-related Zika cases, but responding to each one cost $9,000 to $24,000, depending on local conditions, said Jim McNelly, director of mosquito control in the Atlantic coast county.
"If you multiply the cases we've had to date with the potential cases, we've already spent $50,000 to $60,000 this year. That's money we didn't budget for," McNelly said. "We treat a potential case just like a confirmed case. It's the truck, it's the gas, it's the chemicals, it's the whole shooting match."
The Collier Mosquito Control District could have used federal funding to intensify its virus surveillance and might not have needed to spend about $70,000 budgeted for insecticides on laboratory upgrades instead, executive director Patrick Linn said.
"This allows us to test in-house," Linn said. "We just have to go with a little lower inventory with some of our chemicals used for treating mosquitoes."
The CDC has come up with nearly $60 million to divide between states and territories for local Zika efforts, but its officials also stressed that more money is crucial to expand mosquito-control efforts, improve the ability to quickly diagnose Zika and develop a vaccine.
"The way you prevent a locally transmitted case from becoming sustained and disseminated is good mosquito control," said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, last week. "The CDC needs the money yesterday."