China slaps tariffs on $60B of U.S. goods in retaliation against Trump
China on Tuesday announced a tariff hike on $60 billion of U.S. products in response to U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to raise tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports and an American business group warned a "downward spiral" in their trade battle appears certain.
China had previously released a $60 billion list of American goods for retaliation.
The Trump administration announced the tariffs on some 5,000 Chinese-made goods will start at 10 percent, beginning Monday. They rise to 25 percent on Jan. 1.
"We deeply regret this," said a Commerce Ministry statement. "China will adopt countermeasures to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests and the global free trade order."
The statement, which was unusually mild after months of angry public exchanges, didn't say whether Beijing would back out of talks proposed last week by Washington. It said only that the tariff hike "brings new uncertainty to the consultations."
The newest round of tariffs on Chinese imports signals that Trump has declared trade war on China, writes Oxford Economics chief U.S. economist Gregory Daco in a Tuesday research note. He estimated that the new round of tariffs could slow GDP growth by 0.7 percent.
"Lack of communication, strong ideological beliefs and basically non-negotiable strategic ambitions have led us to a trade war between two economic giants," Daco wrote.
Consumers could soon feel the impact, he added. "U.S. household will soon face higher prices for common goods," he said. "Since the U.S. production apparatus is not geared towards producing most goods imported from China, import substitution would not be a readily available solution."
The administration is targeting a bewildering variety of products - from sockeye salmon to baseball gloves to bamboo mats - forcing U.S. companies to scramble for suppliers outside China, absorb the import taxes or pass along the cost to their customers.
At issue: China's technology strategy
The United States complains Chinese industry development plans including "Made in China 2025," which calls for creating global champions in robotics and other fields, are based on stolen technology, violate Beijing's market-opening commitments and might erode American industrial leadership.
Tariffs have put the U.S. in a very strong bargaining position, with Billions of Dollars, and Jobs, flowing into our Country - and yet cost increases have thus far been almost unnoticeable. If countries will not make fair deals with us, they will be “Tariffed!”
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) September 17, 2018
American companies and trading partners including the European Union and Japan have longstanding complaints about Chinese market barriers and industrial policy. But they object to Trump's tactics and warn the dispute could chill global economic growth and undermine international trade regulation.
The American Chamber of Commerce in China warned Washington is underestimating Beijing's determination to fight back.
"The downward spiral that we have previously warned about now seems certain to materialize," said the chamber chairman, William Zarit, in a statement.
Trump imposed 25 percent duties on $50 billion of Chinese imports in July. Beijing retaliated with similar penalties on the same amount of American goods. On
The U.S. duties targeted Chinese goods Washington says have benefited from improper industrial policies. Beijing's penalties hit soybeans and other farm goods from states that voted for Trump in 2016.
Trump warns of more tariffs
If China retaliates for the latest U.S. duties, Trump threatened Monday to add a further $267 billion in Chinese imports to the target list. That would raise the total affected by U.S. penalties to $517 billion - covering nearly everything China sells the United States.
"Contrary to views in Washington, China can - and will - dig its heels in and we are not optimistic about the prospect for a resolution in the short term," said Zarit of the American Chamber of Commerce. "No one will emerge victorious from this counter-productive cycle."
The chamber appealed to both governments for "results-oriented negotiations."
As Beijing runs out of U.S. goods for retaliation, American companies say regulators are starting to disrupt their operations.
Last week, the American Chambers of Commerce in China and in Shanghai reported 52 percent of more than 430 companies that responded to a survey said they have faced slower customs clearance and increased inspections and bureaucratic procedures.
The U.S. government withdrew some items from its preliminary list of $200 billion in Chinese imports to be taxed, including child-safety products such as bicycle helmets. And in a victory for Apple Inc., the administration removed smart watches and some other consumer electronics products.
"China has had many opportunities to fully address our concerns," Trump said in a statement. "I urge China's leaders to take swift action to end their country's unfair trade practices."
Trump has also complained about America's gaping trade deficit - $336 billion last year - with China, its biggest trading partner.
In May, in fact, it looked briefly as if Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and Chinese Vice Premier Liu He had brokered a truce built around a Chinese offer to buy enough American farm products and liquefied natural gas to put a dent in the trade deficit. But Trump quickly backed away from the truce.
In the first two rounds of tariffs, the Trump administration took care to try to spare American consumers from the direct impact of the import taxes. The tariffs focused on industrial products, not on things Americans buy at the mall or via Amazon.
Sohn said the Trump administration is pursuing a legitimate goal of getting China to stop violating international trade rules but that it should have enlisted support from other trading partners, such as the European Union, Canada and Mexico, and presented Beijing with a united front.
Trump has strained relations with potential allies including the European Union, Canada and Mexico by raising tariffs on imported steel and aluminum. He demanded Canada and Mexico renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement to make it more favorable to the United States.